ENT:-- Occasionally Asked Topics

1) "ABC / ABSOLUTE BONE CONDUCTION TEST--- shortened in SNHL / Perceptive deafness,"-----(1)

2) "ACOUSTIC REFLEX DECAY TEST--- +VE in Lesions of Auditory Cortex,"----------------((1))

3) "ADENOID FACIES--- Fes.-- Open mouth, Pinching of nose, Crowding of teeth, "--------((1))

4) "ANOSMIA----complete-Responda to inhalation of ammonia,"--------------------((1))

5) "ANTRAL WASH---for drainage of maxillary sinus is thru. Inferior meatus,"---------------((1))

6) "AUDIOGRAM---U-shaped A.--congenital deafness, FLATTENED A.- serous Otitis media,"--------((1))

7) "AUDIOMETRY---IMPEDANCE,"------------------((1))

8) ALLODYNIA---increased perception of Painful stimulus,----------------((1))

9) "BELL'S PALSY---Mx-Steroids & Surgical Decompression,"---------------(1))

10) "BRONCHOSCOPY---indicated in persisitent Wheeze,"------------------((1))

11) BLAST INJURY---most common organ affected -Ear Drum,---------------((1))

12) "CARHART'S NOTCH---seen at 2000 Hz., & in otosclerosis,"-------------((1))

13) "CHOANAL ATRESIA---BiLateral Complete-->life threatening complication,"-----------((1))

14) "CHORDITIS TUBEROSA---is due to Chronic Laryngitis,"--------------((1))

15) "CRICOID CARTILAGE---is Signet Ring shape, "-------------------((1))

16) "CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE---is supplied by SUPERIOR Laryngeal nerve( SLN ), & rest by RLN.,"---------((1))

17) "CONE OF LIGHT---is formed on ANTERIO-INFERIOR Quadrant,"----------------((1))

18) "CSF.---is similar to PERI-LYMPH,"------------(1))

19) "DIPHTERIA---Membranes firmly Attached & Bleeds on Touch, " ----------((1))

20) "DYSPHAGIA---SIDEROPENIC DYSP.--seen in Iron Def. Anemia,"---------------((1))

21) "DYSPHONIA PLICA VENTRICULARIS---is producing sounds with false cord,"------------((1))

22) "CAULIFLOWER EAR---is due to Hematoma of Auricle," -----------------((1))

23) "ENCEPHALOCELE---Herniation of Brain tissue with its Dural covering into the Nasal cavity, "-----((1))

24) "EPITYMPANUM---includes--head of Malleolus , Body of Incus,"----------((1))

25) "FITZGERALD-HALLPIKE TEST---uses Temp. at 30oC& 44oC, also called as caloric test?,"------((1))

26) "LE FORT'S FRACTURE---inv's ZYGOMA, MAXILLA, & NASAL BONES,"----------((1))

27) "Oblique & Horizontal Fracture of nasal septum--- is called as JARJAVAL FRACTURE,"------------((1))

28) "GLOBUS HYSTERICUS---lump in throat not interfering with swallowing,"----------------((1))

29) "GROMMET INSERTION---is done in anteroinferior quadrant,"------------((1))

30) GELLE'S TEST---done in Otosclerosis,-----------------((1))

31) "Great Auricular Nr. ---supplies Skin at Angle of JAW,"---------------((1))

32) "GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NEURECTOMY--- Route of Approach -Tonsillectomy approach,"------((1))

33) Hearing impairment due to noise starts at 4000 Hz.,----------------((1))

34) "HEMANGIOMA---Bleeding Polyp of nose--arises from septum,"-----------((1))

35) HYPERACUSIS---normal sound are heard as loud & painful.,--------------((1))

36) "HYPERNASALITY---caused by Cleft palate, Submucous celft, Bifed Uvula,"--------------------((1))

37) HYPOPHARYNEAL CANCER---predisposing factors -Plummer Vinson's Synd.,----------------((1))

38) "INVERTED PAPILLOMA---of Rt.side of nasal cavity -TOC.=Total Maxillectomy,"-----------------((1))

39) "INNER AUDITORY MEATUS---facial nerve is lateral to superior vestibular nerve,"-------------((1))

40) "JUVENILE PAPILLOMA---Rx-Surgical excision,"-----------------((1))

41) "KERATOSIS OBURANS---is a Premalignant condition,"------------------((1))

42) KOBARK TEST---used for Minimal Caloric Stimulation,-------------------((1))

43) "KARTAGENER'S SYND.---Ass.with Sinusitis, Dextrocardia, Bronchiectasis, "----------------((1))

44) "LARYGEAL MIRROR---warmed before use by placing glass surface on Flame,"--------------------((1))

45) "LARYNGOFISSURE---Opening the larynx in midline,"-------------------((1))

46) "LARYNGECTOMY---after laryngectomy Voice is from Oesophagus,"--------------------------((1))

47) "LARYNGOCELE---Gas filled sac in neck region after VALSALVA MANOEURVE,"--------------((1))

48) "ANAESTHESIA OF LARYNX---occurs with Diptheria, Lead Poisoning, Multiple sclerosis,"---------(1))

49) "LYMPH NODE METASTASIS IN NECK --- is seen in SupraGlottic Ca., Ca.of Tonsil, Papillary Ca.of thyroid, NEVER seen in Ca.of Vocal Cords, "--------------------((1))

50) "MASKING---is applied for inability to hear,"-----------------((1))

51) "MASTOID TEMPORAL BONE AIR CELL GROUPS---include Petrosae, Retrofacial, Hypotympanic, Sublabyrinthine."-----------------((1))

52) "MASTOID TIP---appears by 2yrs. of age,"----------------((1))

53) "INFERIOR MEATUS OF NOSE---NasoLacrimal duct/ Frontonasal duct opens," ------------((1))

54) "MONOAURAL DISPLACUSIS---due to Lesions of Cochlea,"------------((1))

55) "MYIASIS OF NOSE---MAGGOTS OF NOSE, Rx-TOC.--CHLOROFORM Water,"---------((1))

56) "MYRINGITIS BULLOSA---caused by Virus,"--------------((1))

57) "NASAL DEPRESSED BRIDGE--- caused by Syphylis, Septal Abscess, Injury,"--------------------((1))

58) CROOKED NOSE---due to Deviated Tip & Septum ,---------------------((1))

59) "SADDLE SHAPED NOSE---due to Destruction of nasal septum," --------((1))

60) "OESOPHAGUS---cervical oesophagus receives its blood supply from Inf.Thyroid Artery, "-----------(1)

61) "BENIGN NEOPLASMS OF OESOPHAGUS---commonest --is Intramural Tumour of oesophagus--LEIOMYOMA,"-------------------((1))

62) "CARCINOMA OF OESOPHAGUS---RAT TAIL APP. on Barium swallowing,"------------------((1))

63) "OLFCTORY AREA---Looks YELLOW in colour,"-------------------((1))

64) "OSSICULAR RATIO = 1.3:1 , " -------------------((1))

65) "TUBERCULAR OTITIS MEDIA---Multiple perforations of T.M., "-------------((1))

66) "ACUTE NON SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA---Retracted drumhead with a hiar-line or air bubbles on otoscopy," ------------------((1))

67) "OTOMYCOSIS---most common fugas aspergillus fumigatus,"----------((1))

68) CSF OTORRHOEA--- fracture of petrous ridge/ petrous temporal bone,--------------((1))

69) "PENDRED SYND.--Thyroid swelling + nerve deafness,"------------------((1))

70) PARAPHARYNGEAL ABCESS---swelling in post. Part of middle1/3 of sternomastoid & tonsil is pused medially,----------------((1))

71) "PAROSMIA---PERVERSION OF SMELL,"------------((1))

72) "PHARYNGITIS- MEMBRANOUS---causes--streptococcal, ludwig's angina, diptheria, "-----------((1))

73) PHARYNGOMAXILLARY ABSCESS---medial bulge of pharynx ,----------((1))

74) "PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA---most common tumour of parotid gland,"-------------((1))

75) PNEUMATOCELE--seen in fracture of frontal sinus,--------------((1))

76) PROCESSUS COCHLEARIFORMIS--attaches to handle of mallues,---------------((1))

77) "RESP.ALLERGY--house dust,"------------------((1))

78) "RANADIER'S OPERATION---done in Petrositis,"---------------((1))

79) CHRONIC RETROPHARYNGEAL ABSCESS--due to caries spine,-----------((1))

80) "SICCA RHINITIS--anterior nares inv.,",------------------((1))

81) "RHINOLITH--- deposition of calcium around the F.B. in nose,"-----------((1))

82) RHINOPHYMA---hypertrophy of sebaceous gland,------------------((1))

83) "SINGERS NODULE---Voice abuse,"-------------------(1))

84) "SCALA MEDIA ---shows endolymph,"----------------((1))

85) "SCHIRMER'S TEST---for lacrimal secr. To test facial nerve,"------------((1))

86) "SEMICIRCULAR CANALS--senses Angular movements,"--------------((1))

87) "SCHWARTZ SIGN ---seen in otosclerosis,"----------------((1))

88) "SCHWARTZE OPERATION---done in CSOM,"-----------((1))

89) "SPEECH DISCRIMINATION SCORE---lowest in retrocochlear SND,"------------------------((1))

90) "ALPORT'S SYND.---SNHL+Hereditary nephritis,"--------------((1))

91) "TEMPORAL BONE---petrous part-inner ear,"------------------((1))

92) "TONE DECAY TEST---done to fineout retrocochlear lesions,"------------((1))

93) "TOBEY AYER TEST---Lateral sinus thrombosis,"----------------((1))

94) "TRACHEOSTOMY TUBE---double tube, made of Titanium silver alloy, cuffed tube is used for IPPV, "--------((1))

95) "TROTTER'S TRIAD---seen in nasopharyngeal ca.,"-----------((1))

96) "UMBO---most reliable landmark on otoscopy,"-------------((1))

97) "VERTIGO---peripheral/ labyrinthine V. fes--unidirectional nystagmus, marked vertigo, ass.central abn.absent,"--------------((1))

98) "VESTIBULE---IS present in nose, larynx, pharynx,"--------------((1))

99) "VESTIBULAR SCHWANOMMA---IOC--GADOLINIUM ENHANCED MRI,"------------------((1))

100) VIDIAN NERVE---/ NERVE OF PTERYGOID CANAL---, ---------------((1))

101) "VOCAL NODULES---present at junction of anterior 1/3 & post. 2/3, "--------------------------((1))

102) "WOODRUFF'S AREA---post. End of inferior turbinate, "-----------------((1))

103) "WALDERYER'S RING ---inner w.group of L.N.=tonsils, lingual tonsils, adenoids,"-----------------((1))

104) "WARTHIN'S TUMOUR---Rx superior paratidectomy,"------------------((1))

105) ZENKER'S DIVERTICULUM --- it's asymp.-------------------((1))

106) "AT BIRTH---following structures are of adult size--tympanic cavity, malleus, tympanic ring , except -mastoid antrum,"-------------------((1))

107) "The ADDUCTION OF V.C. cannot occur while talking , but can occur with good cough --is a condition ass. With functional aphonia,"--------(1))

108) "SUPRAGLOTTIS--- include -aryepiglottic folds, false cords, laryngeal surface of the epiglottis,"---------------((1))

109) "TRANSBRONCIAL BIOPSY---is thru. Fiber-optic bronchoscopy,"----------------((1))

110) "NORMAL RANGE OF frequency of human haering = 20-20,000 hz,"--------------((1))

111) "AUDIBLE SOUND FOR NORMAL HUMANHEARING = 40-45 db,"---------------((1))

112) "PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO NOISE LEVELS > 85 db can impair hearing permanently,"---------------((1))

113) "RUPTURE OF T.M. /EAR DRUM occur at noise level > 160 db,"--------------((1))

114) "40 db COMPARED TO 20 DB is 100 TIMES,"-------------((1))

115) "RHINITIS SYNDROME---in mast cell mediator release category are categorised by sneezing , marked postnasal discharge, lacrimation,"----------------((1))

116) "WATER'S VIEW ( OCCIPITOMENTAL )--- provides good visualization of maxillary sinus, orbitofrontal sinus, frontal sinus,"--------------((1))

117) "CHILD WITH COMPRESSIBLE SWELLING ROOT OF NOSE---MENINGOMYELOCELE,"------------((1))

118) "STRUCTURES PASSING between the upper border of the superior constrictor muscle & base of the skull are levator palati muscle & the cartilagineous eustachain tube,"--------------------((1))

119) QUALITY OF VOICE--- not changed in total adductor palsy,-------((1))

120) "FAMILIAL PREDISPOSITION of malignancies--- are seen in -breast, leukaemia, thyroid,"----------------(1))

121) "GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE---supplies sensation to the middle ear mucous memb.,& tongue (post1/3)"-------------((1))

122) "MICROPHONIC POTENTIALS ORIGINATING IN COCHLEA are resistant to Ischaemia,"--------------((1))

123) "IVORY OSTEOMA--- sen in fronto-ethmoidal region,"-------------((1))

124) "PLICA SEMILUNARIS---is situated in Tonsillar area,"----------((1))

125) "SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND SURGERY---may result in damage of 7,11,12 Cr.N.,"-------((1))

126) "MICROLARYNGOSCOPY---size of lens used is 400mm.,"------------((1))

127) "VOCAL FREMITUS ---decreased in Emphysema , thick pleura, Pleural effusion,"-------------((1))

128) "common site of F.B. in lower respiratory tract is --Rt.Main Bronchus,"--------------------((1))

129) "IMPAIRMENT OF hearing due to noise starts at ---4000 hz.,/ 4khz.,"-----------------((1))

130) "EAM=24 mm, / 2.4 cm.,"-------------------((1))

131) "E.T / PT.TUBE=36 mm., / 3.6 cm.," -----------((1))

132) "U-SHAPED AUDIOGRAM---CONGENITAL DEAFNESS,"----------((1))

133) FLAT AUDIOGRAM---SEROUS OTITIS MEDIA,---------------((1))

134) "CARHART'S NOTCH ---2000 hz., / 2Khz.,"--------------((1))

135) "WAX IN EAR ---commonest cause of deafness,"-----------((1))